Hiring an SEO Agency · Agency Basics · 02

What Does an SEO Agency Do?

"SEO" can sound vague, so here is the concrete version. An agency runs four core workstreams every month: research to find what your customers search for, content to answer it, technical work to fix your site plus authority building through links. Then it reports on the lot. This is exactly what an agency does with your fee.

Updated: May 2026
Written by: Andrew Odgers, MD
Guide: 02 of 34
Quick answer

An SEO agency runs the ongoing work that gets your website ranking in Google. That breaks into four main areas: research to find what your customers search for, content to answer those searches, technical work to fix your site plus authority building through links. It then reports on what has been done and what has moved. The exact mix each month depends on your goals and what the data shows needs doing.

Four areas, one goal

The work behind
the rankings

4

Core workstreams

Research, content, technical and authority, run alongside each other.

Monthly

Ongoing cycle

The work repeats and compounds every month, never finishing.

3wk

Update rhythm

A good agency reports regularly, in our case every three weeks.

The full answer

Exactly what an SEO agency does

The work an agency does is more concrete than the word SEO suggests. Almost all of it falls into four ongoing workstreams that run alongside each other every month, plus the reporting that ties them together. Here is what each one actually involves.

Research: finding the opportunity

Everything starts with research. Using tools like Semrush, an agency works out what your customers actually search for, which terms are realistic to target plus where your competitors are winning or leaving gaps. It audits your current site to see what is already working and what is holding you back. This is the part that turns guesswork into a plan.

Content: answering the searches

Next, the agency builds the pages that answer those searches. That means landing pages, hub pages plus informational articles, written around the keywords your customers use and structured with internal linking and schema so they rank well and guide visitors toward enquiring. Content is usually the biggest ongoing piece, because fresh, useful pages are what earn rankings over time.

Technical: fixing the foundations

In parallel, the agency fixes the technical side of your site. That covers speed, mobile usability, crawlability, broken links plus the structured data that helps Google understand your pages. If the foundations are weak, even great content struggles to rank, so this work clears the path for everything else.

Authority: earning trust

The fourth workstream is building authority, mainly through links from other reputable sites. Google treats these as votes of confidence, so earning good ones helps your pages rank higher. Done properly this is slow and careful work, never bought in bulk, because the wrong links can do real harm.

Reporting: showing the progress

Tying it all together is reporting. A good agency tracks rankings, traffic plus enquiries, then tells you plainly what it has done and what has moved. In our case that is an update every three weeks plus a fuller review every three months. Reporting is how you know your fee is working.

The board below lays out the four workstreams side by side with the typical tasks in each.

How it fits together

Three things to
understand about the work

01 · Parallel

It all runs together

The workstreams are not steps done one after another. Research, content, technical plus authority all run in parallel every month, each feeding the others.

02 · Data-led

The mix shifts monthly

What gets the most attention changes based on what the data shows. One month it is content, the next a technical issue. A good agency follows the evidence.

03 · Cumulative

It builds on itself

Each month's work adds to the last. Pages mature, links age plus authority grows, which is why results compound rather than arriving all at once.

The monthly work

The workstream
board

The four workstreams an agency runs, with the typical tasks in each.

Four columns, running every month
Research
1Keyword research
2Competitor analysis
3Site audits
4Gap analysis
Content
1Landing and hub pages
2Informational articles
3Internal linking
4Schema markup
Technical
1Speed and mobile
2Crawlability fixes
3Broken links
4On-page optimisation
Authority
1Link building
2Citations
3Digital PR
4Profile management
All four run at once, then it all gets reported. No column waits for another to finish. The agency works across every column each month, weights them based on what the data shows, then reports plainly on what was done plus what moved.
A typical month

Five things that happen
in a normal month

New pages go liveFresh content built around researched keywords.
Technical fixes shipIssues found in the audit get resolved.
Links are earnedCareful authority building from reputable sites.
Rankings are trackedMovement on target terms gets monitored.
You get an updateA plain summary of what was done and what moved.
Does vs does not

What it does vs
what it does not

An agency does

The real work

  • Research your customers' searches
  • Build content that ranks
  • Fix the technical foundations
  • Earn authority carefully
  • Report on progress honestly
An agency should not

The shortcuts

  • Guarantee specific rankings
  • Buy links in bulk
  • Use tricks that risk a penalty
  • Treat SEO as a one-off job
  • Hide what it is actually doing
In context: This is guide 02 of 34, in our Agency Basics theme.
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See it in action

All four workstreams,
run for you.

Research, content, technical plus authority, handled every month and reported every three weeks. You own every account throughout. Free quote, from £350 per month.

Frequently asked

What an SEO agency does

What does an SEO agency do?
An SEO agency runs the ongoing work that gets your website ranking in Google. That breaks into four main areas: research to find what your customers search for, content to answer those searches, technical work to fix your site plus authority building through links. It then reports on what has been done and what has moved.
What does an SEO agency do day to day?
Day to day, an agency audits your site, researches keywords, writes and optimises pages, fixes technical issues, builds links, manages your Google Business Profile if local matters plus tracks rankings and traffic. The exact mix each month depends on your goals and what the data shows needs doing.
Does an SEO agency write content?
Yes, content is one of the core things an agency does. It writes landing pages, hub pages and informational articles built around the keywords your customers use, structured with internal linking and schema so they rank well and guide visitors toward enquiring.
What does an SEO agency not do?
A good agency does not promise guaranteed rankings, run your paid ads as part of SEO or do anything that risks a Google penalty. SEO is about earning organic visibility properly. Anything that sounds like a shortcut or a guarantee is a sign to be cautious.