Google Analytics · Reporting

How to Create Custom Dimensions in GA4

Custom dimensions let GA4 capture the details that matter to your business but are not tracked by default. Here is what they are, how to create them, the scopes available, and how to use them in reports, along with the privacy line you must not cross.

Updated: July 2026
Written by: Andrew Odgers, Managing Director
Reading time: 8 minutes
The short answer

A custom dimension captures extra detail from your events, like author or membership level. You create one in GA4's admin by registering an event parameter you already send. Scopes include event, user and item, setting the level the detail attaches to. They are not retroactive, only capturing data from creation onward. Never store personal or identifying data in them.

Your own attributes

What they are, and how to create one

A custom dimension is a way to capture extra detail from your events, like an author name or membership level, that GA4 does not track by default. It records your own attributes; because it adds context to events, it lets you analyse data specific to your site. You create a custom dimension in GA4's admin by registering an event parameter you are already sending, giving it a name and scope so it appears in reports. It links to a parameter; because it maps a parameter to a dimension, the data must be sent first through your events.

CD 01

Extra detail

Beyond the defaults.

CD 02

Event, user, item

Scope sets level.

CD 03

Not retroactive

Set up early.

Scopes, timing and privacy

The scopes, why timing matters, and the privacy line

Custom dimensions come in scopes such as event, user and item, deciding whether the detail attaches to a single event, a user, or a product. Scope sets the level; because the scope shapes how data groups, choosing the right one matters for accurate reporting, then feeds your custom reports. Custom dimensions only capture data from the point you create them onward, so they do not fill in past events. They are not backdated; because they start collecting when set up, add the ones you need as early as possible. You must never store personal or identifying information in custom dimensions, both to respect privacy law and because GA4 prohibits it. Keep them non-personal; because privacy rules apply, use dimensions for categories and attributes, not identities.

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Frequently asked

Custom dimensions in GA4

What is a custom dimension in GA4?
A custom dimension is a way to capture extra detail from your events, like an author name or membership level, that GA4 does not track by default. It records your own attributes. Because it adds context to events, it lets you analyse data specific to your site.
How do you create one?
You create a custom dimension in GA4's admin by registering an event parameter you are already sending, giving it a name and scope so it appears in reports. It links to a parameter. Because it maps a parameter to a dimension, the data must be sent first.
What scopes are available?
Custom dimensions come in scopes such as event, user and item, deciding whether the detail attaches to a single event, a user, or a product. Scope sets the level. Because the scope shapes how data groups, choosing the right one matters for accurate reporting.
Are custom dimensions retroactive?
No, custom dimensions only capture data from the point you create them onward, so they do not fill in past events. They are not backdated. Because they start collecting when set up, add the ones you need as early as possible.
Should you put personal data in a custom dimension?
No, you must never store personal or identifying information in custom dimensions, both to respect privacy law and because GA4 prohibits it. Keep them non-personal. Because privacy rules apply, use dimensions for categories and attributes, not identities.